Minorities and Women in Criminal Justice Essay

There are many key issues affecting minorities and ladies in the criminal equity framework . Sexism despite everything exists in the United States. Sexism against ladies is appeared in the media and demonstrates that sexism despite everything swarms in our general public. Another key issue is the overrepresentation and abberations among minorities in the criminal equity framework. After the demonstration of September 11, racial profiling and different demonstrations of racial abhor wrongdoings proposes that bigotry happens. Another key issue that demonstrates that racial incongruities happen in the criminal equity framework is the overrepresentation of minorities in the Juvenile Justice framework. Sexism against ladies Sexism despite everything overruns in our general public. An away from of this is the manner in which Hillary Clinton was treated in the races. Hillary confronted numerous sexual orientation based maltreatment by the media and numerous people. â€Å"Multiple concentrates on ladies in national security have indicated worries about the movement of ladies into senior authority positions (Erbe, 2008).† Some vibe ladies are mediocre compared to men, this is unmistakably a type of sexism. Insights from U.S. Agency of Justice demonstrates that ladies are significantly more likely than men to encounter â€Å"nonfatal private accomplice violence†. 30% of female manslaughter casualties are evaluated to have been murdered by private accomplices in contrast with 5% male crime casualties. Previously, ladies were excluded from advanced education. At the point when ladies were remembered for advanced education , they were energized into majors that were less intelligent. Ladies have been avoided from taking an interest in numerous callings. In view of a recent report led by Cornell University on the subject of CEOs, research proposes that while being hefty limit’s the vocation chances of the two ladies and men, being somewhat overweight damages just female officials and may really profit male administrators. There’s likewise a uniqueness of wages among people. Today, ladies procure 75% of the salary of men. Examination led recommend that moms are 44% more averse to be recruited than ladies with in any case indistinguishable resumes, understanding, and capabilities, and whenever employed are offered on a normal $11,000 per year not as much as ladies without kids. Then again, men without kids win on a normal $7,500 not as much as men with kids. Segregation in adolescent equity framework The Juvenile Justice System was built up in the late 1800s. Adolescent didn't have a lot of Constitutional rights up to this point when the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was set up in 1968. The demonstration was made to help adolescents who are at risk for getting reprobate by giving help. The adolescent equity framework is discrete from the grown-up criminal court framework. African American adolescents are overrepresented in the Juvenile equity framework. Measurements show that the criminal equity framework victimizes racial minorities. Racial variations addresses the treatment of adolescents by the police, courts/adolescent equity framework . Cases are influenced by race in the front finish of the framework. Dark guys are bound to be confined contrasted with whites. USA Today article shows that minorities admission more terrible in rush hour gridlock stops. Police utilize more power against Blacks and Hispanics. Report closes with upsetting abberations concerning what befalls minorities after the stop. Suggestions for the criminal equity framework incorporate; building responsibility in the activity of tact by police and investigators, and improve the assorted variety of low implementation faculty. Different suggestions incorporate; improving the assortment of criminal equity information applicable to racial outcomes of criminal feelings. Minorities-The USA Patriot Act was passed after September 11, 2006 when the United States was assaulted by psychological oppressor. The demonstration was passed on October 26, 2001 by individuals from the congress. â€Å"The Patriot Act extends fear mongering laws to incorporate local psychological warfare which can make political associations observation, wiretapping, badgering, and criminal activity (Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) 2001)†. Law implementation can direct mystery look at their will. They can approach clinical, monetary, psychological well-being and understudy records with insignificant oversight. Many feel that new enactment and requirement of The Patriot Act removes our opportunity and some vibe that this will ensure us and perhaps forestall another assault. There are numerous weaknesses of The Patriot Act. Numerous Arabs and Asian outsiders have been examined not for an off-base act but since of religion or ethnic foundation. New Federal Executive Branch activities have separated Arabs and Asians. A great many Asian and Arab men have been held in care for a considerable length of time and months, with no charges recorded against them. An activity, for example, these by the administration is bolstered by The Patriot Act yet it compromises the First Amendment which should secure our opportunity of religion, discourse gathering, and the press. It likewise compromises the fourth Amendment which is opportunity from irrational ventures and seizures. There is an absence of data inside the nationalist demonstration that shows proof that this demonstration was a significant explanation behind September 11 fear based oppressor assaults. This demonstration is an intrusion of protection with lacking security benefits. The administration is given the chance and capacity to examine and look people’s homes without great aim. Mistaken data gathered by the legislature can be kept on record for all time and saw by law requirement officials. This individual and imperfect data can be utilized against the American resident to make difficulty. A record can be made not founded on criminal activities or unfortunate behavior however dependent on doubt. It is apparent the Patriot demonstration compromises a portion of the changes in the bill of rights and attacks our security. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages to The Patriot Act. Residents need to surrender some individual rights in consequences of sparing lives. The Act is intended to ensure the U.S. society, social liberties and freedom. Freedom must be relinquished to get security. Network policing can address the dread that an individual resident encounters after any demonstration â€Å"Instead of de-underscoring network policing endeavors, police offices ought to understand that network policing might be a higher priority than at any other time in managing fear based oppression in their networks (Homeland Security)†. In spite of the advancement and progress that our nation has encountered, sadly sexism and racial inconsistencies despite everything exist inside the criminal equity framework. References Joining together and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA Patriot Act) Act of 2001. Recovered Aug 14, 2009 from: www.eff.org/censorship.terrorism.militias In spite of Democrats Opposition, House Reauthorizes Patriot Act. Recovered August 14, 2008 from: http://proquest.umi.com. www.Aclu.org http://www.homelandsecurity.org

Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet

Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 adjustment of Hamlet is an incredible method to appreciate the mainstream Shakespeare play. While I saw the film as very protracted, I completely appreciated seeing a film rendition of the story I just knew a smidgen about from perusing an extract of Hamlet in secondary school. I think Kenneth Branagh worked admirably in making the screen play into a film. Everything in each scene couldn’t have been accomplished all the more impeccably. Even better is simply the cast, with on-screen characters like Kenneth Branagh himself, as Hamlet, Kate Winslet as Ophelia, Billy Crystal, and Robin Williams among numerous other incredible actors.The catastrophe begins with simply that, disaster, the demise of Hamlet’s Father, the lord. The film begins with the guards on the job seeing a nebulous vision or some likeness thereof, which they later learn is Hamlet’s expired dad. The guardians choose to tell Hamlet of this unusual spirit after Hamletâ₠¬â„¢s mother, the queen’s wedding to her brother by marriage. While the wedding is going on and after the function, Hamlet is obviously distressed. The sovereign is wedding Hamlet’s father’s sibling just two brief a long time after his father’s abrupt death.The gatekeepers tell Hamlet of the unusual ghost that is frequenting them daily and Hamlet is interested, he needs to see it for himself. In my preferred scene of the whole film, Hamlet goes through the foggy woods that night, hollering, shouting for his father’s disastrous passing. He gets a reaction from his father’s soul; his father’s voice talks in the most bone chilling voice. He reveals to Hamlet that his passing was â€Å"most savage and most unnatural† and he makes this understood, saying it more than once. He says his sibling snuck up on him while he was snoozing in the plantation and emptied an unclean blend into his ear.The King’s own sibling submitted the deed that made him become sick and kick the bucket very quickly. Prior to vanishing into the night, the nebulous vision says to Hamlet â€Å"Remember me! † This experience is obviously enthusiastic for Hamlet. Hamlet needs to retaliate for his father’s passing. He chooses the best way to wear on the new king’s still, small voice is to given a performance that is essentially the account of his father’s selling out by his sibling and the sovereign for having hitched him. While this is going on, everybody is stating Hamlet has gone â€Å"mad† in light of his whimsical conduct, yet ascribes it to his being love wiped out over his young lady companion, Ophelia.Hamlet cherishes Ophelia, and she adores him, however her dad precludes her to see him any more. Hamlet is infuriated by this, as he is numerous things Ophelia’s father says and does. In the warmth of a contention, Hamlet slaughters Ophelia’s Father. Ophelia is crushed, goes crazy, a nd in the long run winds up suffocating herself. Ophelia’s sibling comes back from France to discover his dad has been killed by Hamlet and Ophelia has murdered herself. Obviously, Ophelia’s sibling is enraged. Ophelia’s sibling and the King plan for him and Hamlet to fight. They intend to harm the cup Hamlet drinks from during the battle, so he will without a doubt die.While fencing, the King demands that Hamlet drink for progressing nicely, however he holds back and says he will hold until some other time. Next, the sovereign offers him a beverage, yet again he won't, so she drinks out of the cup that is harmed. The battle turns very horrible and Ophelia’s sibling is struck down. Simultaneously the sovereign has tumbled to the floor, biting the dust, saying she had been harmed before she took her final gasp. Ophelia’s sibling admits that the King is the person who harmed the cup so as to murder Hamlet. Hamlet and Ophelia’s sibling offer so me kind of reparation before he passes on. Chafed, Hamlet pursues the King and feeds him the poison.The King passes on. At that point Hamlet kicks the bucket of harming. The Norwegian crown ruler and his military tempest the château so as to accept the seat, burning through no time. They are shocked by the illustrious passings. I thought the film had an incredible cast, every extraordinary on-screen character that made a great showing. Kenneth Branagh made a decent Hamlet. I enjoyed Hamlet’s character and sought the best after him, despite the fact that I didn't concur with a portion of the things he did. I felt seriously for Hamlet, as I additionally did Ophelia when she ended her own life out of hopelessness. I think it is pitiful they didn't wind up together; however on the other hand that’s the point, it’s a tragedy.I adored the first King, despite the fact that he wasn’t in the film much in living thing, he appeared to be a reasonable and insightful King. The on-screen character who played the lord made an awesome showing in the foggy woods scene. All things considered the whole cast was persuading, so much that you either came to love or abhor the characters. I think there are numerous topics in Hamlet. The one that stands apart the most is the significance of deduction before acting. Hamlet does and expresses numerous things he may not on the off chance that he set aside some effort to first â€Å"cool down†. It appears as though he is too hurried to even consider acting and this regularly pushes him into difficulty causing awful things to happen that he can’t basically take back.Another exercise to take from Hamlet is that nothing is always and nothing is sure. Hamlet grappled with the legitimacy of the experience of his father’s spirit, he addressed whether it truly occurred. For certain things in this life there is no hard science. Now and then the appropriate responses are not in every case clear; yo u simply need to confide in your own judgment. I truly delighted in viewing the film rendition of Hamlet. Honestly I figured transforming a play into a film would be hard to make intriguing, yet it was done amazingly well. I couldn't imagine anything better than to go to a genuine live play variant of Hamlet.I figure the experience of seeing the misbehaving close on a phase would be entirely unexpected at that point viewing the film in light of the fact that the crowd can get progressively associated with the story, however the film is a decent approach on the off chance that you don’t have the chance to see the play. The minor enhancements in the film truly help to attract you, however it’s nothing noteworthy that couldn’t be done in front of an audience also. Hamlet is a great story that has stood the trial of time. I’m sure it will be constantly reenacted and adjusted for motion pictures in ages to come.

The Impact of Organisational Learning on the Creation and Coursework

The Impact of Organizational Learning on the Creation and Communication of Knowledge - Coursework Example This paper endorses that correspondence of information inside an association is significant because of different reasons. It permits information to be disseminated from the ones that as of now have the information to those representatives that are new in the association. At the point when representatives resign, their positions are taken up by newcomers. Practically all associations are worried about the issue of maintenance of information inside the association after their important and most experienced workers resign. It is significant that the degree of information with which work was finished by the past representatives, ought not weaken on their substitution. This reason can be satisfied just if there is smooth progression of information with the association. This report makes an end that hierarchical learning alludes to the change that happens in an association because of the information obtained by the individuals from the association through experience assembled with entry of time. In spite of the fact that this is the most widely recognized clarification of the term, ‘organizational learning’ is characterized in different ways by specialists. These definitions are influenced by the strategic vision of the associations that have been considered for the exploration and furthermore the points of view and pre-collected perspectives on the researchers. Henceforth authoritative learning has basically become an interdisciplinary theme. Research on this point draws components from various fields and furthermore result of this examination makes broad commitment to these fields prompting improvement of these fields, for example, hypothesis of hierarchical conduct, human science and social brain science, subjective brain science, da ta frameworks, building, financial aspects, and vital administration. The paper by Argote and Spektor (2011) gives a hypothetical system that assists with dissecting the procedure of hierarchical learning and the degree of information picked up on execution by representatives. Motivation behind the investigation The interdisciplinary idea of the examination identified with authoritative learning makes it a subject of enthusiasm for inquire about researchers. The paper chose for basic assessing manages this theme and presents a detailed structure of study on authoritative getting the hang of, covering the varieties in the meanings of the term, the current hypothesis on this subject and examination of this hypothesis, significance of hierarchical involvement with making hierarchical learning and the procedure of hierarchical discovering that incorporates creation, maintenance and move of information. This reason fits the paper very well since it has been distributed in the diary named Organization Science. This is on the grounds that the diary targets overcoming any barrier that exists between various teaches and propelling the information that advances from this procedure (Argote and Spektor, 2011). This paper has been given the view that the outcomes would animate further research in future on this point. Since it is a wide theme, there is wide extent of future research and specialists may discover new roads to connect the investigation of this subject with disciplines that have not been concentrated before as to hierarchical learning. Nature and degree of the issues Studies on â€Å"organizational learning and knowledge† (Argote and Spektor, 2011, p. 1124) are getting enhanced because of the consideration of a wide assortment of manners by which information is being made in present occasions and is being conveyed. The creators of â€Å"Organizational learning: From experience to knowledge† have distinguished the subjects that are right now risin g in this field. This paper sets the extension for additional examination on these subjects and builds up the stage that would advance the researchers’ comprehension of the center theme. In this paper, it has been accentuated that formation of new information and its smooth exchange over all degrees of the association is as significant as appropriate maintenance of information. In this paper move of information is utilized interchangeably with the idea of correspondence of information. Appropriate learning through encounters is vital to hierarchical success (Taylor and Greve, 2006). It prompts more noteworthy comprehension of the vision of the association, satisfaction of the guarantees it has made towards its investors and the general public and a general improvement in authoritative practice (Greve, 2003). Correspondence of information inside an association is significant because of different reasons. It

The Evolution of Civil Justice - Literature Essay Samples

When contemplating the ultimate nature of the Greek gods and the ensuing roles they play in human affairs, it is helpful to view instances of divine intervention through the actions of the goddess Athena. Athena occupies a central place in The Iliad, The Odyssey, and the Oresteia. Each work elucidates various traits of Athena, which can be better understood within the context of the different stories. While Athena ¹s overall persona remains constant throughout each of the stories, various, and at times contradictory attributes manifest themselves as the main themes of each work fall into place. Within The Iliad Athena represents the Greek army and fervently backs them, both on the battlefield and on Mt. Olympus. She is characterized by her war like persona, fighting and positioning herself at the forefront of the action. Athena demonstrates her leadership abilities throughout the Iliad‹and also her resourceful and diplomatic nature. During the beginning of The Iliad, Ath ena intervenes in the story instructing Achilles that she has come to check your rage. The Iliad as a whole represents a more contentious epic‹conflict and war are all permeating aspects of the work. Thus, Athena ¹s actions within the Iliad portray her more as a proponent of war, under the dark backdrop of the story of the Trojan War, as told in the Iliad.The war driven nature of the Iliad can be contrasted with the almost hyper-civilized tone of Homer ¹s Odyssey. Central to this is the theme of hospitality. Hospitality is used to establish an expected code of conduct in each character within the Odyssey. A characters given balance, or lack thereof, in this virtue drives both conflicts and resolutions within the story. Being too hospitable or not hospitable enough causes different sufferings and resolutions. It is imperative to note that this society is not at war, as was the society of the Iliad. Virtues such as gift giving, hospitality, and possessing the ability to speak well are all latent within the text. The suitors also exemplify a violation of a host-guest relationship on the role of host. What is important is that Athena is in fact driving their lack of hospitality. She does this because she understands that by making them unfit hosts, they will eventually have to pay severely; this is part of the resolution process that ensues. Athena gives the reader and Odysseus a chance to see exactly what kind of hosts the suitors are: And stirred him to go collect his bits of bread from the suitors and so to learn which of the, were fair. On both sides, the suitors the suitors have created imbalances in their relationships and this drives the major conflict within the Odyssey. Further illustrating this different approach to life from the Iliad to the odyssey is the interplay and mirror relationship of Athena and Odysseus. Athena within the odyssey represents the traits of a more evolved civilization. She is the dominant figure among the gods, and is extremely eloquent and diplomatic throughout the epic. These same qualities she shares with Odysseus, whose oratory skills, and craftiness transcends mortals. Both Athena and Odysseus represent wit, wisdom and leadership abilities. While her battle skills and inclinations towards war marked the Athena of the Iliad, the Athena of the Odyssey represents the mental over the physical. Within the Odyssey Athena evens shows genuine affection to Odysseus and even admiration as she tells him, Anyone who met you, even a god, would have to be a consummateTrickster to surpass you in subterfuge. You were always an obstinate,Cunning, and irrepressible intriguer. So don ¹t propose, even in yourOwn country, to drop the tricks and lying tales you love so much!But no more of this. We both know how to get her own way: in theworld of men you have no rival in judgement and argument, while Iam pre-eminent among the gods for ingenuity and ability to get what I want (201). This is ad ditionally true of the other gods as well. Their kinder nature reflects a newfound intellect and civil tone. This divine presence is seen as even Zeus and Poseidon interacts with statesmanship and compromise at times. While it is a more civil divine presence manifested within The Odyssey, the role the Gods play in human affairs in The Oresteia is a further synthesis of this civility‹into a modern formative justice. The Oresteia represents the most far reaching development of civilization‹that from a primitive legal code based on vengeance, as represented by the furies, and also a new conception of civil justice, as introduced by Athena. It is this contrast of forms of resolution that are prevalent in the Oresteia. It ultimately is the cyclical nature of violence that seems un-mutable that leads the God ¹s to find a more evolved solution that will further civil progress. Athena ¹s introduction to the modern legal code in the Eumenides is tantamount because it symbo lizes the development of a new more advanced order to solve binding disputes. I will appoint the judges of manslaughter,Swear them in, and found a tribunal hereFor all time to come.My contestants,Summon your trusted witnesses and proofs,Your defenders under oath to help your cause.And I will pick the finest men of Athens,Return and decide this issue fairly, truly‹Bound to our oaths, our spirits bent on justice (Aeschylus 253).The above passage exemplifies the main developments of this increasingly progressive society, as reformed by Athena. Again, we see Athena as a crafty orator who demonstrates fairness and ultimately the transition of justice from primitive norms to that of modern codes of legality. This new conception of Justice, as furthered by Athena, illustrates the transition of justice from The Agamemnon to The Eumenides. Within Aeschylus first play of the trilogy, justice is upheld through the more primitive modules of punishment and retribution, whereas The Eumeni des tells of a sophisticated system of legal fairness and early examples of western due process. This system of law is complete with a Jury of mortals. As Athena states, by all rights not even I should decide a case of murder-murder whets passions (Aeschylus 486-487). Each of the three works compared within this essay represents a different worldview. These various perspectives at society bring forth the characterization of the God ¹s, based on the themes of each work. The Iliad is marked with contention and is a dreary epic. Thus, the Athena we see in the Iliad is much more concerned with actively supporting the Greek army, than the more civil and diplomatic Athena within The Odyssey. The Odyssey as a whole, represents a much-needed break from the era of the Trojan War, and shows a more genteel world. The Oresteia represents a synthesis of these two worlds. While The Agamemnon is centered on primal justice and perpetuating a seemingly endless cycle of violence, Athena ¹s presence in the final play of the trilogy demonstrates the conscious elevation to a more judicially sound future.

Second Battle of the Marne in World War I

The Second Battle of the Marne lasted from July 15 to August 6, 1918, and was fought during World War I (1914-1918). Conceived as an attempt to draw Allied troops south from Flanders to facilitate an attack in that region, the offensive along the Marne proved to be the last the German Army would mount in the conflict. In the opening days of the fighting, German forces made only minor gains before being halted by a constellation of Allied troops. Due to intelligence gathering, the Allies were largely aware of German intentions and had prepared a sizable counter-offensive. This moved forward on July 18 and quickly shattered German resistance. After two days of fighting, the Germans commenced a retreat back to trenches between the Aisne and Vesle Rivers. The Allied attack was the first in a series of sustained offensives that would bring the war to an end that November.      Spring Offensives In early 1918, Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff commenced a series of attacks known as the Spring Offensives with the goal of defeating the Allies before American troops arrived on the Western Front in large numbers. Though the Germans scored some early successes, these offensives were contained and halted. Seeking to continue pushing, Ludendorff planned for additional operations that summer.    Believing that the decisive blow should come in Flanders, Ludendorff planned a diversionary offensive at the Marne. With this attack, the hoped to pull Allied troops south from his intended target. This plan called for an offensive south through the salient caused by the Aisne Offensive of late May and early June as well as a second assault to the east of Reims. German Plans In the west, Ludendorff assembled seventeen divisions of General Max von Boehms Seventh Army and additional troops from Ninth Army to strike at the French Sixth Army led by General Jean Degoutte. While Boehms troops drove south to the Marne River to capture Epernay, twenty-three divisions from Generals Bruno von Mudra and Karl von Einems First and Third Armies were poised to attack General Henri Gourauds French Fourth Army in Champagne. In advancing on both sides of Reims, Ludendorff hoped to split the French forces in the area. Allied Dispositions Supporting the troops in the lines, French forces in the area were buttressed by approximately 85,000 Americans as well as the British XXII Corps. As July passed, intelligence gleaned from prisoners, deserters, and aerial reconnaissance provided the Allied leadership with a solid understanding of German intentions. This included learning the date and hour that Ludendorffs offensive was set to commence. To counter the enemy, Marshal Ferdinand Foch, Supreme Commander of the Allied forces, had French artillery strike the opposing lines as German forces were forming for the assault. He also made plans for a large-scale counter-offensive which was set to launch on July 18. Armies Commanders: Allies Marshal Ferdinand Foch44 French divisions, 8 American divisions, 4 British divisions, and 2 Italian divisions Germany Generalquartiermeister Erich Ludendorff52 divisions The Germans Strike Attacking on July 15, Ludendorffs assault in Champagne quickly bogged down. Utilizing an elastic defense-in-depth, Gouraud’s troops were able to quickly contain and defeat the German thrust. Taking heavy losses, the Germans halted the offensive around 11:00 AM and it was not resumed. For his actions, Gouraud earned the nickname the Lion of Champagne. While Mudra and Einem were being halted, their comrades to the west fared better. Breaking through Degouttes lines, the Germans were able to cross the Marne at Dormans and Boehm soon held a bridgehead nine miles wide by four miles deep. In the fighting, only the 3rd US Division held earning it the nickname Rock of the Marne (Map).   Holding the Line The French Ninth Army, which had been held in reserve, was rushed forward to assist the Sixth Army and seal the breach. Aided by American, British, and Italian troops, the French were able to halt the Germans on July 17. Despite having gained some ground, the German position was tenuous as moving supplies and reinforcements across the Marne proved difficult due to Allied artillery and air attacks. Seeing an opportunity, Foch ordered plans for the counteroffensive to commence the next day. Committing twenty-four French divisions, as well as American, British, and Italian formations to the attack, he sought to eliminate the salient in the line caused by the earlier Aisne Offensive. Allied Counterattack Slamming into the Germans with Degouttes Sixth Army and General Charles Mangins Tenth Army (including the 1st and 2nd US Divisions) in the lead, the Allies began to drive the Germans back. While the Fifth and Ninth Armies conducted secondary attacks on the eastern side of the salient, the Sixth and Tenth advanced five miles on the first day. Though German resistance increased the next day, Tenth and Sixth Armies continued to advance. Under heavy pressure, Ludendorff ordered a retreat on July 20 (Map). Falling back, German troops abandoned the Marne bridgehead and began mounting rearguard actions to cover their withdrawal to a line between the Aisne and Vesle Rivers. Pushing forward, the Allies liberated Soissons, at the northwest corner of the salient on August 2, which threatened to trap those German troops remaining in the salient. The next day, German troops moved back into the lines they occupied at the beginning of the Spring Offensives. Attacking these positions on August 6, Allied troops were repulsed by a stubborn German defense. The salient retaken, the Allies dug in to consolidate their gains and prepare for further offensive action. Aftermath The fighting along the Marne cost the Germans around 139,000 dead and wounded as well as 29,367 captured. Allied dead and wounded numbered: 95,165 French, 16,552 British, and 12,000 Americans. The final German offensive of the war, its defeat led many senior German commanders, such as Crown Prince Wilhelm, to believe that the war had been lost. Due to the severity of the defeat, Ludendorff cancelled his planned offensive in Flanders. The counterattack at the Marne was first in a series of Allied offensives that would ultimately end the war. Two days after the battles end, British troops attacked at Amiens.

Genetic Engineering And The Canadian Regulation - 968 Words

Biotechnology is the application of scientific techniques and exploitation of biological processes used to improve and modify animals, plants and microorganisms to enhance their value through genetic manipulation. Over time, advances in the field of molecular biology has allowed scientists to take a particular gene from any organism, including, bacteria, viruses, plants or animals, and introduce those genes into another organism. An organism transformed using genetic engineering techniques is known as transgenic organism (Independent learning center, 2012). This paper discusses the positive and negative effects of genetically engineered organisms in agricultural applications and the Canadian regulation or legislation that relates to this issue. Many farmers in Canada have welcomed major crop plants produced by genetic engineering. Four major transgenic crops including canola, corn, soy and sugar beet have been approved for commercial production in Canada (Canada Agency, 2015). Transgenic organisms offer a range of benefits in the agricultural applications. Over many years, transgenic organisms have helped increase crop productivity by introducing drought tolerance and disease resistance to crops. Today, scientist has been able to select genes for disease resistant from other organism and relocate them to essential crops. For example, in the 1980, researchers from University of Hawaii teamed up with Cornell University to develop a papaya cultivar resistant to papayaShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Genetically Modified Organisms, And Do The Benefits Outweigh The Potential Risks?860 Words   |  4 PagesSheldon (2011), â€Å"[These] crops can survive under harsh conditions, costs are lowered, and yields are improved† (p. x xi). These crops are now widely grown worldwide. Naturally, corn is rooted in a 6000 year old history of South America (Wilkes, 2004). Genetic modification of corn has become the most tested crop in the United States. Gewin (2003) wrote, â€Å"The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications confirms that biotech corn is the second-most common GM crop (after soybean)Read MoreGenetically Modified Animals : Genetic Engineering1518 Words   |  7 Pagesgene technology I hope to share some understanding in the process of gene transfer in animals, the process of obtaining genetically engineered animals, and analyze the social and moral implications associated with this gene technology in animals. Genetic modification of animals started thirty years ago with the production of genetically modified mice. Gene modification is the process of crossing and selective breeding of animals and has been carried out by breeders for quite some time now. These modificationsRead MoreThe Animals Of The Pigs1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe pigs as shown above in the picture with glowing green snouts are genetically engineered animals known as transgenic animals. Canadian council on animal care (CCAC) defines transgenic animal as â€Å"an animal in which there has been a deliberate modification of its genome†1. Method of Genetic Engineering to produce pigs with glowing green snouts: These transgenic pigs were produced using a technique called DNA microinjection2. For the very first time, 10 piglets with glowing green snouts were producedRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1354 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships.’(sciencedirect). The issue on Genectally modifed foods is a important topic to argue, because food is one of the most important factors in sustaning life, for without food, we are not able to survive and if we are tampering with food genetics, it could very well change the way we eat. Although, it could be argued that Genetically Modified Foods is indeed a benefit to society for it can benefit third world countries, and alter foods to become pest and disease resistant and weather resistantRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmos )1638 Words   |  7 Pagesorganism through using a restriction enzyme, a molecule that is able to remove certain parts of DNA. The desired gene is then inserted into a cut plasmid, a piece of DNA in bac teria cells that is separated by a restriction enzyme and is able to put new genetic information into an organism. The modified plasmid is introduced to a culture of bacteria such as agrobacterium tumefaciens where the plasmid will enter into the bacteria. The bacteria containing the particular gene is introduced to the plants whereRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why We Should Abandon Genetically Modified Food1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthis information to you, hopefully expanding your knowledge of genetically modified food. I hope that this conference will allow us to broaden our ideas of how to stop the wave of genetically modified foods that is sweeping our nation. With genetic engineering, transferring genes from one species’ DNA to another is just like taking a page out of one book and putting it between the pages of another book. Biotech food is not the answer to global food security, should be strictly regulated because ofRead MorePractices and Malpractice in Canadian Food Labelling1799 Words   |  8 PagesCanada’s food labelling practices are very much a work-in-progress. Labelling itself is a very important issue as it affects both product sales for companies and personal health for consumers, especially since most Canadian consumers learn about nutrition from food labels themselves (Nguyen) and are especially inclined to trust labels (Gruà ¨re, Carter and Farzin). Through labelling law, government is also able to impose food standards on products. An extensive set of rules to govern every possibleRead MoreEssay On Gmo1233 Words   |  5 Pagessides, I find myself leaning towards the health concerns of food that has been genetically altered rather than its benefits. Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms whose DNA has been altered using the methods of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering techniques allow for the introduction of new traits as well as greater control over traits than previous methods such as selec tive breeding. Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when a company named CalgeneRead MoreBackground On Genetically Modified Organisms Essay2278 Words   |  10 Pagesoutput by creating methods such as genetically engineering plants or animals to increase yields and grow better quality produce in shorter period of time (Dimayuga 2014). Figure 1: Genetically Modified Organisms infographic (Kids Right to Know 2016). GMOs are organisms with a modified genetic material (Du 2014). This process is done by genetically engineering (GE) the organisms through the use of recombinant DNA which allows transfer of genetic material from one species to another (Du 2014).Read MoreEssay921 Words   |  4 Pagesconclusion to the regulation of GMOs. They do not have hostile health effects on humans and on biodiversity because of the process by which they are engineered even though, scientists do acknowledge concerns of the possible impact. The controversy of GMOs has also lead to the controversy of regulation in labelling. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and Health Canada are accountable for food labelling policies under the Food and Drugs Act. In Canada, the genetic engineering of foods is only

Current Health Issues in International - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCurrent Health Issues in an International Context. Answer: Work, Unemployment, Employment amongst Young Indonesian Women The social changes being witness in Asian states are huge. They have been found to have significant changes on the health status of women in Indonesia, (Langer et aal., 2015) . Women in Indonesia are underrepresented in the labour work force in that according to 2015 data in reference with ILO report, indicates that labour force was 127.87 million, of which 46 million were for female while 75 million were dominated by men, while the participation rate was 62.6 % of which female gender utilised 50.22 % while men utilised 83.05 %, (Mee, 2015). Open unemployment rate in Indonesia has had more pouncing effect on the livelihoods of women. The gender dynamics remain to be entirely segregated in Indonesia living the larger proportion of women jobless. Data suggest that open employment rate is much higher than that of women. Social Capital Effects on Health These trends in employment and non employment have significant impact on the social capital changes which have significant impact on the mental and physical health of women in Indonesia, (Lee Wie, 2015). ). Social capital has major impacts on the utilisation of health services am, long women in Indonesia. The different measure on social capital has been found to have an impact on the health measure being assessed, (Benach et al, 2014). The impact of social capital on the health status of the working category has had major shifts following major economic transformations encountered, (van der Noordt et al., 2014). The wage levels of pay are found across several manufacturing industries in Indonesia especially in the textile, garment and footwear, cross sectional studies have found out that they offer low pay compared to other south East Asia countries, (Bartley Eagels, 2015). Studies Related to Labour Market and Health Characteristics The social impacts on the health status affecting women in the labour market have pronouncedly discussed and documented. The article, Effect of Gender and Social Capital on the Dual Burden of Malnutrition: A Multilevel Study in Indonesia, 2014, examines the coexistence of overweight and underweight in low and middle income countries, Indonesia included. The study found out that in order to improve health and reduce inequality in socio economic groups, there is need to include women empowerment in the social capital. The article Dual Burden Households and Nutritional Inequality in Indonesia; published in 2012, outlines the double burden of the diseases and its role in overall health status of the population. The study views the social capital of the households and asses that the prevalence of duel burden of diseases hardly changes and the index is steadily rising, thus household inequality is rising within the households. In an aim of streamlining the labour indifference on women, regarding to employment in industrial places like the factories significant changes has to be made. The article on, how to do (or not to do).gender analysis in health systems research , (2016), on gender socially constructed roles, emphasis streamlining gender in the health systems research, through gender analysis and sex disaggregation supports power relations in health. Government Action Plan With this initiative the government of Indonesia came up with the policy of employment creation. Organisations such as the International Labour Organization is playing a key role in streamline the efforts of labour work force globally. It is a UN agency which specializes on the work place related issues. Recommendation Employment is determining factor in social health determinants across the population, (Benach et al., 2014). Studies show that employment to women is beneficial in reduction of depression and mental health status. Thus urge on the need to increase employment among women. The role of social capital on health thus should be incorporated so as to improve the socio economic status of the female gender in the labor work force. The labour employing agencies in this case textiles factories needs to be cognizant of these outcomes employment offers and create the widow for more women in the population to penetrate the job market, (Vander Noordt et al., 2014). References List Baud, I. and Smyth, I., 2014. Searching for security: women's responses to economic transformations. Routledge. Christiani, Y., Byles, J., Tavener, M. and Dugdale, P., 2015. Socioeconomic related inequality in depression among young and middle-adult women in Indonesia? s major cities. Journal of affective disorders, 182, pp.76-81. Kanbur, R., Rhee, C. and Zhuang, J., 2014. Inequality in Asia and the Pacific: Trends, drivers, and policy implications. Routledge. Langer, A., Meleis, A., Knaul, F.M., Atun, R., Aran, M., Arreola-Ornelas, H., Bhutta, Z.A., Binagwaho, A., Bonita, R., Caglia, J.M. and Claeson, M., 2015. Women and Health: the key for sustainable development. The Lancet, 386(9999), pp.1165-1210. Lee, J.W. and Wie, D., 2015. Technological change, skill demand, and wage inequality: Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 67, pp.238-250. Mee, W., 2015. Work and Cosmopolitanism at the Border: Indonesian Women Labour Migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 41(12), pp.2041-2060. Morgan, R., George, A., Ssali, S., Hawkins, K., Molyneux, S., Theobald, S. (2016). How to do (or not to do) gender analysis in health systems research. Health policy and planning, czw037. Norstrm, F., Virtanen, P., Hammarstrm, A., Gustafsson, P. E., Janlert, U. (2014). How does unemployment affect self-assessed health? A systematic review focusing on subgroup effects. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 1310. Roemling, C., Qaim, M. (2012). Dual burden households and nutritional inequality in Indonesia (No. 13). GlobalFood Discussion Papers. Vaezghasemi, M., hman, A., Eriksson, M., Hakimi, M., Weinehall, L., Kusnanto, H., Ng, N. (2014). The effect of gender and social capital on the dual burden of malnutrition: a multilevel study in Indonesia. PloS one, 9(8), e103849.

Target market for Herbal

Executive Summary Herbal-care soap, a new product in the market is expected to do better than the existing products. This product cures and prevents the transfer of communicable diseases. The product is natural and chemical free, unlike the other products, which contain chemicals that have side effects to consumers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Target market for Herbal-care soap specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The recent researches show that more people die of communicable diseases than those who succumb to cancer and AIDS combined. The existing products cannot absolutely eradicate the spread of communicable diseases, and hence the need for Herbal-care soaps. The recommended psychographic and demographic target markets for the product are discussed in the paper. Herbal-care soap Description of the new product Herbal-care soap is a natural, chemical-free soap that cures and prevents infections of communicable diseases. This soap improves the health of consumers and reduces illnesses caused by germs. The demand for chemical-free soaps is high at the moment considering that the state has reported many death cases caused by communicable diseases. According to researchers, the number of people dying of communicable diseases is more than those who succumb to cancer and AIDS combined (Webber Roger, 83). Therefore, there is a great need for products with capabilities of curing and preventing illnesses caused by germs. Herbal-care soaps will be packaged using special materials with instructions and clarifications. This will guide consumers about its use. Marketers will offer Herbal-care in liquid and solid form, depending on customers’ preferences. They will also be packed in different sizes, consisting of different colors depending on their tastes. This will ensure that no one is left out. Why the new product is better than the existing products in the market place Herbal-care is a new p roduct in the market. It is very different from the existing common soaps which are synthetic, and contain chemicals that have side effects to consumers. In addition, Herbal-care focuses on a niche market, unlike the existing soaps which do not specify where, how, why, and who should consume them. As mentioned earlier, the soap prevents and cures people from infections of communicable diseases. People in the state want to live healthy and hence the demand for disinfectant soaps. The current soaps in the market cannot absolutely eradicate the spread of communicable diseases, and hence the need for Herbal-care soaps. This product offers a high quality value alternative compared to the existing hand and body washing compliances. The uniqueness of Herbal-care makes the soap to gain a competitive advantage over the existing soaps. The products will be offered at a slightly lower price than the existing products, and hence high likelihood of the product to grab the market share of the com peting products in the market. The sales of the product will be higher than those of the existing related products considering that it is made specifically to satisfying the needs of the target audiences. The other competing products do not follow the niche marketing strategy, like Herbal-care soap. This makes it gain a competitive edge after its launch.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations for demographic target market The infection or transfer of communicable diseases is very common in day cares, hospitals and restaurants. Shaking hands and exchanging toys among other activities in day-care encourage the transfer of bacteria or viruses among them. There are 800 day cares in our region, and hence provides a good market for Herbal-care soaps. In some Australian hospitals, patients share beds, bathrooms and latrines. All these contribute to the transfer of communic able diseases from one person to another. The restaurant guest rooms, bathrooms, tables and seats are associated with bacteria or viruses due to frequent contacts with many different people. Friends and families also shake hands when they meet in restaurants. The transfer of communicable diseases is common, and hence the need for Herbal-care soap. Most people in day cares are children aged between 4 and 9 years in Australia. In hospitals, people of all ages and from different social class happen to fall sick are taken there to receive treatment. The same case applies to restaurants. All people are welcome in restaurants irrespective of their ages, social classes, races among other things. Therefore, the final recommended demographic target markets are children aged between 4 and 9 years in day cares, families with a yearly household income of $40,000 and above, as well as patients of all age groups at hospitals in Australia. Recommendations for psychographic target market Considerin g that the country has experienced high rates of people dying of communicable diseases in the recent past, many people are keen on taking appropriate measures to guard themselves against these diseases (Webber Roger, 83). Most people, particularly from high social class have a tendency of using chemical-free soaps to live healthy lives. Most of these people have a tendency of using natural, non-chemical disinfectants. In other words, they are loyal to chemical-free products for their hand and body wash. They believe that chemical-free products can make them live healthy lives. For instance, they fear communicable diseases and try as much as possible to isolate themselves from people appearing unhygienic. Therefore, the final recommended psychographic target markets for Herbal-care soap are the royal or high social class families which believe in hygiene as a way to curb communicable diseases. Final recommendation for the target market Understanding demographic and psychographic mark ets can help marketers to efficiently understand their target audiences, and hence offers goods and services that meet their needs (Kurtz Louis, 292). They can market, advertise and sell products and services to them easily.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Target market for Herbal-care soap specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After carefully researching demographic and psychographic markets, it was realized that children in day cares, patients, and health care workers are the most affected by communicable diseases. Restaurants employees and customers are also victims of the diseases caused by germs transfers. As aforementioned, the shaking of hands and exchanging of toys among other activities in day-care encourage transfers of bacteria or viruses among individuals. The children in baby cares are aged between 4 and 9 years. The transfer of communicable diseases is also common in hospitals and restaurants due to sh aring of beds, sinks, and hand body contacts with different people. Many people particularly the royal or high social class are very keen on preventing themselves from communicable diseases. Herbal-care soap, a natural and chemical-free soap happens to meet these needs. These individuals have a tendency of using chemical-free disinfectants which are very expensive. They also isolate themselves from the other social classes due to beliefs that they might transfer bacteria and skin illnesses to them. If provided with Herbal-care soap, they will become loyal to the product because it meets their needs. Therefore, the final recommended target markets for Herbal-care soap are high social class adults, and children aged between 4 and 9 years in day cares. The estimated size of the target market There are more than 800 day-cares, 1200 restaurants, 1000 hospitals, and 200,000 family homes in the target region. The high social class people are around 3 million out of 10 million people in th e region. The number of potential customers estimated for Herbal-care soap is 5 million. The estimation of annual consumption of Herbal-care soap is 20 units, and the average selling price is $50. Therefore, the estimated size of the target market is 5 million multiplied by 20 multiplied by $50. This is equivalent to $5000 million. Summary The target market arose due to high demand for disinfectant products by the target audiences. As aforementioned, researches indicate that many people have died of communicable diseases in the recent past. The number of people suffering from skin illnesses has not reduced yet and hence the need for appropriate products to cure and prevent the vice. Researches were conducted to see which people are more affected by communicable diseases. This involved researching both psychographic and demographic markets to find out audiences who demanded products to prevent the spread and cure communicable diseases. This way, it was easier to understand customersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ needs from different markets. After assessments and evaluations, the right market for Herbal-care soaps was found, and hence the rise of the recommended market. To get the size of the potential market, market researches were conducted in psychographic and demographic markets. This way, people of high social class were identified as the most potential customers for disinfectant products. It was also realized that children aged between 4 and 9 in day cares were prone to communicable diseases due to frequent hand shakes and exchange of toys in day-care centers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The average number of units for one year was estimated. The potential customers (children and high social class adults) were also estimated. Then, marketers came up with the price for Herbal-care soap. To get a clear estimation of the potential market, the marketers multiplied the price by the number of units by the estimation of the potential customers (Ajami, 171). This enabled them to realize the potential market for Herbal-care soap. Works Cited Ajami, Riad A. International Business: Theory and Practice. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006. Print. Kurtz, David L, and Louis E. Boone. Boone Kurtz Contemporary Marketing. , 2014. Print. Webber, Roger, and Roger Webber. Communicable Diseases: A Global Perspective. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CAB International, 2012. Print. This essay on Target market for Herbal-care soap was written and submitted by user Annalise Langley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essential and Nonessential Clauses

Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses Essential and Nonessential Clauses By Mark Nichol Discussions below explain the mistakes in the examples given, which err in mistaking essential and nonessential clauses and vice versa. A revision accompanying each sample sentence demonstrates correct form. An essential (or restrictive) word, phrase, or clause is one that is necessary for conveying the intended meaning of a sentence. When the essential element follows the core of the main clause, the conjunction that serves as the link between them. By contrast, a nonessential (or nonrestrictive) word, phrase, or clause is attached to the main clause, trailing a comma and the conjunction which. (Alternatively, nonessential elements are inserted parenthetically into the sentence with commas, dashes, or parentheses, but this post does not pertain to that type of sentence construction.) Actually, that and which are interchangeable as conjunctions preceding essential elements, but some writing handbooks advocate using only that in such cases to avoid confusion with sentences with nonessential elements, for which which is the only correct conjunction. In American English, at least, many careful writers observe this distinction, a strategy I strongly recommend. The writers of the two examples below have, in constructing the sentences, confused essential and nonessential clauses, as explained in the discussion following each statement. She faulted him for criticizing the Dodd-Frank Act that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession. The wording of this sentence suggests that of various Dodd-Frank acts, the one in question is the one that sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession, and therefore the description of the intent of the act is essential, because it pertains to this Dodd-Frank Act. But the part of the sentence that follows that describes the intent of the only existing Dodd-Frank Act. Therefore, the clause that begins with sought provides additional information that should be appended to the main clause, â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act,† with a comma and the conjunction which: â€Å"She faulted him for criticizing the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act, which sought to overhaul the US financial sector following the recession.† More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year, which exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations. Setting the modifying phrase â€Å"exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations† off as a subordinate clause beginning with which creates the mistaken impression that the fact that a majority of companies experienced a hack during the previous year had the unfortunate results specified. But the phrase pertains to individual cybersecurity compromises, not to the preponderance of such experiences. The phrase is essential to the sentence- it describes hacking incidents that had specific results- and so should be integrated into the main clause, as shown here: â€Å"More than 60 percent of companies have suffered a cybersecurity compromise in the past year that exposed confidential information and disrupted systems and operations.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter"Replacement for" and "replacement of"What’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Risk Perception and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk Perception and Communication - Essay Example The success of effective communication, especially on the security issues depends on the public confidence and trust in the government agencies. That is how the public perceives the security agencies. Cases of terrorism have raised an alarm and the general public depends on the government to get adequate security. Hence, police services are very crucial for the public to be assured that there is peace and security in the country2. Building and nurturing trust in the communication process is useful in the risk management process. Truthful, open, frank and honest in communication ensures that there is an effective outcome3. Individuals are more likely to deliver information to a person they trust. When the public does not have adequate knowledge of the risk at hand, trust plays a crucial role4. The public has to be given a guideline on how to avoid the risk and they will only follow instructions from a person they trust. Trust also plays a crucial role in public perception about the se verity of the risk that the people may face5. The government has to play a role to ensure that the public is aware of any risk that may occur. Primarily, terrorists’ intention is to generate uncertainty and fear in order to challenge the emergency communication process. When fear is created, the public does not obtain the appropriate information because fear affects the process of communication6. In cases of terrorists attack, the public perception of confidence and trust in the government agencies affects the compliance.

Environmental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Environmental - Essay Example This means that France alone has a stronger economy almost compared to all the 22 countries put together. Germany (3,401.0) has a higher GDP than all the 22 countries combined. This is followed by Japan (5,964.0) and the biggest difference comes from USA (15,680.0) (CIA). This is to say that the USA has the strongest economy and has reliable economic power to exploit and control the oil in the Middle East. The 2012 GDP of Israel (240.9) lies way below that of the combined states in the Middle East. However, when compared to Gaza and Westbank combined (6.641) creates a very big difference. Israel lays a stronger economic position than the Westbank and Gaza by a minimum thirty six times. That translates to Israel having a lot of control in the region especially compared to its neighbour. The geo-political relations in the region have largely contributed to who owns much stake in the Middle East oil (Central Intelligence Agency). For instance, the USA, a world power and its allies (UK, France, Japan and Germany) therefore have a large stake in the control of oil in the Middle East. According to TÃ ©treault (2012), oil ownership and relations to the stronger powers have given some Middle East countries more power than others. TÃ ©treault, Mary Ann. "The Political Economy of Middle Eastern Oil." 2012. University of California Library. 30 January 2014

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behaviour Essay Part A consists of three questions. Be sure to include both the questions and the responses in the document you submit. Your total combined responses for these three questions should not exceed 1000 to 1500 words. 1. Marketing specialists at Napanee Beer Co. developed a new advertising campaign for summer sales. The ads were particularly aimed at sports events where Napanee Beer sold kegs of beer on tap. The marketing group worked for months with a top advertising firm on the campaign. Their effort was successful in terms of significantly higher demand for Napanee Beers keg beer at sports stadiums. However, the production department had not been notified of the marketing campaign and was not prepared for the increased demand. The company was forced to buy empty kegs at a premium price. It also had to brew some of the lower priced keg beer in vats that would have been used for higher priced specialty beer. The result was that Napanee Beer sold more of the lower priced keg beer and less of the higher priced products that summer. Moreover, the company could not initially fill consumer demand for the keg beer, resulting in customer dissatisfaction. Use open systems theory to explain what occurred at Napanee Beer Co. Begin with a brief description of open systems theory. Use your own words (paraphrase) and remember to cite all sources using APA style. The open systems theory states that organizations are entities that continually exchange resources with its external environment. The organization is dependent on the external environment for resources such as raw materials, employees, financial resources, and information and equipment which are the organizations inputs. Those inputs are used by the organizations internal subsystems, such as production and marketing, and are subsequently turned into outputs such as products, services, employee behaviours, profits/ losses, and waste/ pollution (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 4). According to the open systems theory (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 4), the organization Napanee Beer Company’s internal subsystems were not operating efficiently. Due to the lack of communication between the marketing group and the production team, production was unaware of the increase in demand for the product and did not order enough inputs to meet this larger demand. Consequently, the materials used were much more expensive than they would have been had they been ordered earlier. This oversight cost the company sales on higher priced specialty beer and caused customer dissatisfaction. Had the production team been aware of the success of the marketing campaign, which was geared towards sporting events where Napanee Beer sold kegs of beer on tap, they would have been able to order the appropriate amount of kegs, saving the company a lot of money. This is not an issue between the external and internal environment but an issue with Napanee’s internal subsystems effectiveness (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 4.). The lack of communication between departments weakened the company’s ability to maximize its input to output capability; therefore, the company was not functioning at a high level of efficiency (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 5.). 2. The sales office of a large industrial products wholesale company has an increasing problem: salespeople are arriving late at the office each morning. Some sales reps go directly to visit clients rather than showing up at the office as required by company policy. Others arrive several minutes after their appointed start time. The vice-president of sales doesnt want to introduce time clocks, but this may be necessary if the lateness problem isnt corrected. Using the MARS model of individual behaviour, diagnose the possible reasons salespeople may be engaging in this â€Å"lateness† behaviour. Begin with a brief description of the MARS model. Use your own words (paraphrase) and remember to cite all sources using APA style. The MARS model represents the four factors that influence people’s behaviour and performance. These factors are motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 26). Motivation is what drives a person in a particular direction and the passion and persistence in which they pursue something (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 26). The ability of an employee refers to their natural aptitudes as well as their acquired capabilities (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 27). An employee’s competencies refer to his or her skills, knowledge and other characteristics that may be beneficial to the organization (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 27). Role perception is the third factor in the MARS model. This refers to how closely the employee’s perception of their job duties aligns with the employer’s (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 27). The final factor in the MARS model is situational factors. Situational factors involve conditions that are not part of the employee’s skill set or personality and are often out of their control (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 28). According to the MARS model of individual behaviour, the possible reasons salespeople may be engaging in this â€Å"lateness† behaviour is first the lack of motivation they are feeling to show up to the office at their scheduled start time (McShane Steen, 2009, pp. 26-28). This could be due in part to the lack of incentive they receive for showing up on time. Furthermore, the absence of negative consequences for showing up late has not shown the sales reps that the company is serious about this policy. In order for the sales reps to be motivated to show up to the office in the morning instead of seeing clients first, there needs to be some kind of reinforcement from the company that demonstrates that showing up on time is a behaviour that they expect and value. The sales reps were most likely hired because of their ability to gain new customers and sell products; therefore, they see this aspect of their job as being priority and do not see the value in showing up at the office first. The biggest factor effecting this situation is role perception (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 27). The sales reps do not have a clear understanding that arriving at the office on time is an essential part of their job duties. It is clear from the sales reps behaviour that they are not aware of the importance of being at the office in the morning before they head out to see clients. While this may be a company policy in writing, it is not well practiced in the office, so it is perceived by employees as a recommendation rather than a rule. Situational factors may also contribute to the â€Å"lateness† problem (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 28). This could be because face time at the office does not support their task goals which are to go out and see clients and sel l products. The sales reps might find the commute to the office an inconvenience whereas they could instead cut that commute out of their day and drive straight to a client’s office. 3. Big Box Construction Company has received warnings from government safety inspectors that employees at some of its construction sites are not wearing the required safety helmets and noise-protection equipment. The company could lose these contracts if safety practices are not maintained. The company has warned employees that they could be fired if they dont wear the safety gear, but this has had little effect. Describe an A-B-C analysis for this situation and provide two types of behaviour modification interventions that might change employee behaviour in this situation. In an A-B-C analysis of this situation the antecedent would be the warning the employees received from the company informing them that they must wear safety gear on the job site. The behaviour is that some of the employees are not wearing safety equipment on the construction sites. And the Consequences are that the employees face termination if they continue to disregard this policy (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 66). Two types of behaviour modification interventions that might change employee behaviour in this situation are: 1) Positive reinforcement, the supervisor can offer praise to the employees who are adhering to the safety guidelines (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 66). In addition, there could be a reward in place such as a bonus for employees who are wearing their safety equipment on the site every day. 2) Punishment, although punishment might generate negative feelings toward the company and supervisor, it is necessary because of the severity of the breach (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 67). The type of punishment will depend on the frequency of the offence. For example, the first offence could result in a write-up, the second offence in a suspension without pay, and the third dismissal. Part B Read Case Study 4.1: Conestoga-Rovers and Associates on pages 97 and 98 of the textbook and answer the three discussion questions that follow it. Your answer for this case study should not exceed 600 to 800 words in length and should incorporate, where appropriate, content from Lessons 1, 2, 3, and 4. Questions 1) Why does Conestoga-Rovers and Associates and other companies try to create a positive work environment? The text explains that according to the dual cognitive-emotional attitude process, the positive emotional experiences employees encounter on a daily basis at Conestoga-Rovers contributes to their job satisfaction (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 80). When employees are satisfied with their job they are more likely to be accommodating to the organization’s clients, helpful to their co-workers, and can experience increased overall productivity (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 87). Therefore, it is beneficial for the company to foster a positive work environment where its employees are frequently feeling positive emotional experiences, so that their outlook on their jobs and the company will be much more favourable (McShane Steen, 2009, p.80). According to the model of emotions, attitudes, and behaviour (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 79), our emotions will have a direct impact on our behavioural intentions which in turn will most likely affect our behaviour. If the employees at Conestoga-Rovers are bombarded with positive emotions in their work environment, than they are more likely to behave in a way that is agreeable to the company. Conestoga-Rovers acknowledges and appreciates its human capital and realizes that its employees knowledge provide a competitive advantage to the company (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 7). They realize that in order for the company to retain its valued employees and attract new ones they need to foster a positive work environment. By â€Å"adapting employment practices† to suit the needs of their employees the company is striving to retain its valued intellectual capital (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 6). 2) How does this company manage to provide events and perks that employees value? At Conestoga-Rovers and Associates having fun and maintaining a work-life balance are fundamental to the company and its employees. This is evident in the many perks this company offers its employees that vary from its extremely active social committee to the onsite daycare facility. As stated in the case study, an employee of Conestoga-Rovers suggested that the company build an onsite daycare facility, never really expecting that they would take her request so seriously. However, much to the employee’s delighted shock the company complied. This demonstrates the company’s dedication to its employees wants and needs. In addition the company has assembled a social committee to listen to what it is that employee’s value and have evidently been able to deliver to the Conestoga-Rovers employees what they want. By doing this for their employees the organization is building organizational commitment and loyalty to the company (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 89). By involving employees in company decisions that affect them and listening to their needs they are strengthening their employee’s social identity within the organization. This shows employees that their opinions are not only heard but are valued and trusted by the organization (McShane Steen, 2009, p.89). The company has a â€Å"work hard-play hard mantra†, and their â€Å"social events and activities play an integral role in the company’s culture (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 97). This is evidently closely aligned with its employee’s values; therefore, the employee’s feel comfort in their shared values with th e company prompting them to remain loyal to the company (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 89). 3) Is it possible that employees can have too much fun at work? From personal experience, I think that it is possible to have too much fun at work. When there are too many social events at work it takes away from an employee’s personal time and time at home with their family. An employee can feel forced to participate in social events that they do not want to partake in, and this can end up having a contrary effect to what the company is striving for. This added pressure to attend social events can add stress for the employee and take away from time needed to complete his/her work. Conversely, having fun at work can help build camaraderie amongst the employees and reduce the consequences of stress such as job burnout. Attending social functions can give employees a break from the monotonous routine of their job tasks; therefore, reducing the risk of emotional exhaustion and indifference towards their jobs (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 91). Fun events with co-workers can also help to build on an employee’s social awareness. For instance, when employees are interacting with each other and building personal relationships as well as professional relationships they are better equipped to â€Å"perceive and understand the emotions† of their co-workers (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 84). Because they are getting to know their peers personal situations a little better, the interaction allows them to be able to experience some empathy for their co-workers.

The Father of Modern-Day Chemistry Essay -- Biography, Lavoisier

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is considered to be the father of modern-day chemistry (Balchin 36). He had an unbelievable impact on the way the world views chemistry today. From identifying elements to discovering the importance of the role of combustion, he played an essential part in the world’s scientific ideas and inventions. He was so influential that he is said to have an equal if not greater impact in chemistry as Newton did in physics (Tiner 90). He used the initial ideas of Joseph Priestley, Henry Cavendish, and Karl Scheele, and worked to prove them and make them more official (Tiner 90). Because of these accomplishments, he is considered one of France’s and the world’s most outstanding scientists (Tiner 91). Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was one of the world’s most influential scientists and people of all time because he was a leading figure in the 18th century chemical revolution, he developed a theory on the chemical reactivity of oxygen, and he di scovered the Law of Conservation of Mass. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was born on August 26, 1743 in Paris, France. He was the only child of a wealthy middle-class family (â€Å"Antoine† Britannia). His father was a very successful merchant (Antoine How). From a very young age, he was very studious and extremely interested and concerned with the prosperity and the good of the public (â€Å"Antoine† Britannica). His education consisted of the study of mathematics, the classics, and sciences. He chose to pursue a career in chemistry because of an interest in rocks and other minerals (Balchin 36). Pursuing his gift in education, he went off to college and discovered a passion for law while he was there. After he finished college, he went to law school. He spent much of his time atten... ... he left a huge legacy. Ironically, two years after his death, people were making statues in honor of him. He left the world with all of his knowledge on oxidation, the periodic table, and work in the chemical revolution. In fact, his naming process is still used today, and his name is used in the title of the modern-day chemical naming system (Balchin 36). Lavoisier had a world impact incomparable to most. He explained in great detail the questions of many scientists, and had ideas and theories that were later proved by other scientists. He is credited for being a prominent figure in the chemical revolution, his work with combustion and the discovery of oxygen and its properties, and discovering the Law of Conservation of Mass. Lavoisier is definitely one of the most influential people of all time, as well as an unbelievable chemist and all around person.

Cause and Effects of Watching Too Much Television Essay

Cause and effects of watching too much television Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome till we, humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be adversely affected by it. This was the case when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray and within five years, the British Army was using a mobile x-ray unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. Television was also invented with positive thoughts in mind – there would be no national borders, education and communication would be worldwide, etc. However, we are now trying to overcome its physiological and psychological adverse effects on human beings. People mainly watch television for entertainment especially when they are bored or â€Å"have nothing to do†. It is also used for relaxing, as most people like to sit and back and relax while watching their favourite television show. Watching the television however, may become addictive and a hard habit to break. There are many effects of watching too much television. One of the physiological effects of watching television in excessive amounts is eye-strain. It is true that there are specifications for watching television; television should be 5 m. away from the eye, the room should be adequately lit, television should be placed at the same height with our eyes, etc. However, these do not prevent our eyes from getting tired if we keep watching television for a long time. Another effect is obesity, which is widely observed in people who like watching television and eating snacks everyday (there is even a term â€Å"television snacks† to refer to fast food that is suitable for eating in front of the television). Television is such a powerful machine that people cannot get away from it – it is addictive. Apart from the physiological effects, television also causes psychological effects. One is a result of being exposed to violence. After seeing so many violent scenes on television, people start considering violent actions normal and they lose their sensitivity to their environment. Partly connected to this effect, the interpersonal communication among people decreases. Being insensitive to the suffering of other people causes people to become alienated. Also, after coming home from work people seek to relax n front of the television, and generally people prefer watching television to talking to each other. This issue is very important since lack of interpersonal relationships mostly end with divorces. Shortly, inventions are meant to be beneficial for human beings, if we know how to benefit from them. Television is one of such inventions that need to be used for the right purpose only – being educated and entertained for a reasonable (according to age) period of time. We may, then, be safe from or at least reduce the adverse physiological and psychological effects of watching too much television.

Cause And Effect Of The Commissioner Of Baseball ( Mlb )

If the commissioner s actions caused by his breach of duty link to the damages suffered, the plaintiff’s party must also prove proximate cause, the fourth element of negligence. The two key concepts of proximate cause are that the tortfeasor’s conduct was the closest in to proximity to the damages and that there was no superseding causes that could cancel out the tortfeasor’s liability. In determining proximate cause, courts use foreseeability in defining the scope of risk. Given the statistics of an average of 1,750 injuries per year, the commissioner could have foreseen the possibility of injuries to MLB fans (Gail Payne v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball (MLB), 2015). However, proximate cause cannot prevail as an element of proof because there are multiple superseding causes of these injuries that cancel the commissioner s liability. One superseding cause would be the pitcher throwing a ball in a certain way, combined with the batter’s action o f swinging the bat. 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